An equipment financing expert, Kacin will be pivotal in developing relationships and supporting clients across the Northeast and Midwest, according to the company. He will report to Mike Christie, who became head of Sales for the Americas in March.

Commenting on his new role Kacin said: “I’m looking forward to the opportunity to help both corporate and UHNWI [Ultra High Net Worth Individual] clients benefit from the innovative and customised financing solutions Global Jet Capital offers for the business aviation market.”

Before joining Global Jet Capital, Kacin served in sales leadership and management roles for Webster Capital Finance, Terex Financial Services, Citibank, and Wachovia.

Alongside the appointment, the company is reorganising its North American sales territories.

Hannah Davis, formerly vice president of Sales for the Eastern US, will now lead the newly-formed Southeastern US region. John Arlinghaus, formerly associate sales director of the central US region, will now oversee the Western US region and Latin America.

Christie welcomed Kacin to the team: “Tom’s passion for aviation and strong equipment finance background will help us continue to provide bespoke solutions to our clients,” he said. “The territory realignment will provide better coverage of key markets allowing our team to be closer to our key partners.”

Meanwhile, in May Vivek Kaushal, CEO, Global Jet Capital said: “The business jet market has never been in a better place.” 

Global Jet Capital territory re-organisation – at a glance

• Tom Kacin, vice president, Sales for the Northeastern and Midwest US region
• Hannah Davis leads the newly-formed Southeastern US region
• John Arlinghaus oversees the Western US region and Latin America.

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They all felt that the industry was moving in a positive direction for themselves and their clients. Prices were holding in a way that, although down slightly and still moving incrementally in that direction, did not provoke anyone to fear that the bottom was dropping out. Each felt that the value their clients see in aircraft ownership was continuing, and demand was remaining strong. In talking to our clients, thinking about not having the private travel solution that they have, was not a serious contemplation.

Of course, there are always discussions taking place internally and externally amongst their clients’ companies, flight departments, or friends who are operating aircraft. Generally, the one topic that garners the most attention is operating costs. The salaries of flight department personnel have risen dramatically over the past few years. These people are vital to the safe, efficient and reliable operation of these assets.

However, the increase in their cost has created greater visibility, thus invigorating the discussions. Not sure these will ever change in a downward direction, as service providers can be one of the stickiest forms of inflation. Attrition, increased ownership, and usage, without a drastic increase in labour are just a few reasons this line item will likely not go down in the near term.

Subjects that make a few people say: stop the world I want to get off, centre around the disruption of use caused by the ever-present supply chain issues. Labour is top of that list. The shortages of experienced personnel at the manufacturers and MRO and maintenance facilities are continuing to cause serious discomfort for all. Just yesterday I had a client tell me about a six-week delay in the scheduled modernisation completion date for their aircraft. This will of course cause alternative lift costs to rise as well as scheduling headaches that will accompany this delay. Multiply this across the industry and you will see the dissatisfaction this causes.

Many of my friends I spoke with who are sales professionals shared a similar band-aid solution. Start by setting better expectations for their clients, beginning with the extended time it takes for the sale and purchase timeline. What used to be 30–45 days for a prebuy could easily now be a 60-day process. And that is just the timeline for the event and corrective action. This does not even speak to the lead time in finding a slot and starting this process, which we all understand takes as long as an additional 30 days tacked on.

So, to help the client or prospect ease their frustration, we are all being very careful with this delicate discussion of timing to adjust to a new norm of expectations. These strategies can only be band-aids simply due to the fact that we, as aircraft brokers, can have very little impact on a solution for supply chains and labour shortages.

By-and-large our collective constituents have been on the side of staying the course and enjoying the benefits of aircraft ownership and operation. They are feeling optimistic about owning and operating even in a world of added costs as well as timelines for maintenance and modernisation.

They are looking forward to many years of enjoyment. With respect to those saying: stop the world I want to get off, we are all seeing very very few people who feel as if they approached the ownership with not enough facts and must get out.

Thankfully, the vast majority of first-time buyers are enjoying the excitement of ownership. This all adds up to a sustainable world for our owners and all of us who service this distinctive group.

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Three Gulfstream deals hit the landmark for the company which was founded in 1989 by Joseph Carfgana Sr.

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“We have always prided ourselves as being one of the brokerage firms that’s been around the longest and this number is a testament to that,” Carfagna Jr. told Corporate Jet Investor.

“We realised 1,000 was probably something that was going to happen in the next few years so we made a big deal of it.

“It was exciting to count down as we got very close, but it was just business as usual.”

‘Can’t buy experience’

 The 998^th, 999^th and 1,000th transactions were for Gulfstream G450s for repeat clients.

“In 1994 when I came onboard, we were a very different company – there was no email or internet, so everything moved at a much slower pace, but the principles of what we do are still the same,” added Carfagna Jr, who is based in New Jersey, USA.

“We put a very high importance on making our clients so happy that they’re proud to refer us to their friends.”

Among the 1000 transactions, Leading Edge has completed deals on 242 Gulfstreams, 225 Cessna Citations, 131 Hawkers, 126 Bombardier Challenger and Globals and 121 Dassault Falcons.

“[The secret is] doing things methodically and having good people. You can’t buy experience,” said Carfgana Jr.

Jack Nicklaus

His father began his life in business aviation in 1967 when he joined Bill Lear to sell new airplanes in the north east of the US. One of his first sales was to the golfer Jack Nicklaus. Carfagna Sr. set up Executive Air Fleet (EAF) in 1970 and then Wings Aviation International in 1989, which eventually became Leading Edge Aviation Solutions.

Carfagna Jr. can still remember the first deal he did after joining his father in 1994.

“It was the sale of a Citation 3,” he says. “It was a moment that I won’t forget any time soon. The person we sold it to, we have sold several more airplanes to over the years.”

After all this time in the industry, Carfagna Jr. says he is rarely fazed by anything. “There really isn’t much we haven’t seen – we’ve bought and sold airplanes all over the world, of all different types and as a result when you’ve been around this long not much comes as a surprise,” he says.

‘Needs to be sold’

Of all the deals, though, one particular transaction sticks out. “We were negotiating a deal on the sale of an airplane in September 2008, right after the financial crash, and the parties were arguing over who was to get the china and flatware in the airplane,” he says.

“I advised the client to give them everything they wanted because it was going to be worth a lot less money in a week. I think we saved the client $8m over that. If they had deliberated another few days, it probably would have fallen apart. I just remember thinking, ‘This airplane needs to be sold, the money needs to be wired asap or this deal will never happen.’”

Carfagna Jr. is “fascinated” by the technological advancements in airplanes but after hanging some old sales posters at his offices he notes that manufacturers’ ambitions haven’t changed.

“The vintage ads for airplanes in the 60s and 70s all said the same thing, ‘We will fly you more efficiently, more quietly, at a cheaper cost and faster than our competitors and that’s still what they’re striving to do. They’re just getting better and better at it.”

 For Carfagna Jr., business aviation is in the blood but while he is proud of the legacy it is the future transactions that drive him.

 “Winning the next deal is something that motivates me, all of us, and creating a happy client,” said Carfagna Jr. “Those two things are the primary drivers of what makes me tick and keep doing this.”

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The user app experience does not differ from MRO Insider. The new Alpha Wingman (AW) app  will act as a one-stop solution, increasing convenience and streamlining the booking process by reducing administrative delays, said the firm.

“We are excited to introduce Alpha Wingman, which represents our continued growth and unwavering commitment to meeting the evolving needs of our expanding client base,” said Andy Nixon, president of Alpha Wingman. “Our change in identity will help us as we deliver greater access to a wider selection of vendors and services, making Alpha Wingman your go-to source for aviation products and services.”

Latest additions include:

• Catering Services: Providing gourmet catering to meet the diverse dietary needs of our customers.
• Car Services: Providing luxury ground transportation for passengers and crew members.
• FBO Services: Allowing our aircraft operators to request quotes for fuel, ramp fees, handling services and more.
• Pre-Purchase Inspections: Providing easy access to comprehensive aircraft evaluations prior to acquisitions.

“Alpha Wingman is not just a new name; it’s a new era for our company,” added Nixon. “We are constantly upgrading our platform to deliver a seamless experience, from booking maintenance and rapid AOG repairs, to arranging catering, booking an FBO or ground transportation services. Our objective is to be your trusted partner, providing access to anything you need for your flight operations.”

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It’s an approach designed to ensure that business aircraft owners really do have the perfect ownership experience. “We lead with that as a culture and a mantra,” said McReynolds of the MRO business. “We tell them [owners] what it’s [their aircraft] going to look like going out of the door [after aircraft maintenance]. And we tell them about surprises when they happen. It’s an expectation they really appreciate.”

Often aircraft maintenance is one of the last things new owners think about when closing a transaction. But, in reality, it’s one of the most important parts of the ownership experience, which often becomes an afterthought, said McReynolds of Weststar Aviation. “The complexity in this thing we call maintenance; most people don’t think about. But hiring a DoM [director of maintenance] to represent your best interest in a complex environment is a key part of ownership,” he added.

‘All on the first day’

Buying a business aircraft is a collaborative effort, according to speakers. Jay Mesinger, CEO/president, Mesinger Jet Sales, which sponsored the Town Hall had this advice for new buyers: “I tell people when they start to think about buying to talk to their lender, interview [prospective] management companies and your aviation attorney – all on the first day They are all parallel paths that you need to come together at one time to enjoy your asset from Day One.”

So much of the industry’s focus lies on the transactional side – the buying and selling. “But there’s so much that goes on in the middle and that is the ownership,” he added. “Operating your airplane is all part of getting ready to, one day, sell it and buy another one. But let’s not forget this place in the middle where the joy can come in.”

Welcoming new entrants to this industry effectively depended on understanding the perspective of where they come from, said Bob Marinace, chief experience officer with private jet charter and management company Solairus Aviation. 

Those who come from fractional and charter “know the acronyms” and the basics of scheduling and using an aircraft but they don’t understand the ownership experience, said Marinace. “What we are about is to help educate and to explain how this will differ from what they have experienced so far,” he added.

‘One of the first things you talk about’

Too often the selection of a management company is not prioritised, said Stewart Lapayowker, managing shareholder, Lapayowker Jet Counsel. “Unfortunately, for new aircraft owners, selection of a management company seemed to get overlooked and then it’s a scramble to fine one,” said Lapayowker. “But it should be one of the first things you talk about.”

Some of the key questions to answer, he said, are: Are you going to set up your own organic flight department; are you going to have a managed aircraft and if so, who will be the manager? It is important to engage a management company that understands the new owner’s preferred structure and can be flexible and deliver the services they are looking for.

“First-time buyers haven’t got the experience [to make informed decisions on their own],” said Lapayowker. “But they get a lot of free advice. Everybody at a cocktail party tells you how to do it right.”

You can watch the hour-long, free-to-view CJI Town Hall, Masterclass here. The next Masterclass – devoted to buying business aircraft – aganin sponsored by Mesinger Jet Sales, will take place on Wednesday, September 25th. These Town Halls complement CJI’s Aircraft Transaction Masterclass.

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He traces its origins to how new owners shaped the business jet market during the onset of Covid. The storm’s outcome may leave some struggling to recoup the value of their initial investment.

“At the onset of Covid, many factors collided to create the perfect opportunity for first-time buyers to enter the market,” Foster tells CJI. “Now, these same factors are creating a perfect storm, which potentially could prove disastrous to these same owners.”

Business aviation caught fire over the last two quarters of 2020, driven by the desire to travel but not via public transportation. Charter and fractional providers enjoyed this early burst. “The fractional segment sold right through their lift capacity but were contractually bound to still provide lift – so they turned to the charter market for supplemental lift,” explains Foster. “Now the charter market held a captive client (fractional) over a barrel. So, with unprecedented high demand, hourly prices sky-rocketed to two-or-three times pre-pandemic levels.”

Consequently, by the end of 2020, fractionals were largely sold-out and charter prices reached the “point of insanity” – again fuelled by both fractional contractual need and demand, he explains.

‘Point of insanity’

That prompted non-owners to turn to whole aircraft ownership. For many, this seemed the perfect opportunity. Market conditions created from the onset of Covid included “free” capital from government stimulus programmes, significant gains in equity markets and a desire to travel to new vacation homes and remote work destinations – but not via the airlines.

Further incentive was supplied by bonus depreciation and historically low interest rates. “Finally, there was the promise (or lie) from some management/charter companies they can fly enough charter to ‘make the plane pay for itself’,” Foster says.  All combined, the “perfect storm” was formed and first-time buyers raced to the market to purchase an aircraft.

Before the pandemic, the average market supply generally hovered around 10-12% of fleet, or roughly 2,500-3,000 aircraft available at any time. By mid-2022, market supply settled in at 3-4%, with some modern models seeing available supply at less than 1% – perhaps even just one unit available. Predictably, with low supply, prices surged – prompting many legacy models to move upwards of two to three times their pre-pandemic values.

“But the worst part (for these buyers) is the transaction pace changed to unimaginably short time frames,” says Foster. “Aircraft were transacted in a matter of days with little or no due diligence on the aircraft, its valuation, nor parties involved and a lot of bad behaviours by brokers/middlemen.”

The perfect storm

This year that perfect opportunity looks like heading towards the perfect storm, according to Foster. Here’s how the storm is building: while overall supply sits at only 6% or about half the pre-pandemic level, total supply is already two to three times the level in mid-2022.

Charter demand is also down significantly. “The promise (made by some) has now become a lie. Owners are not able to create significant returns by chartering and many are realising that fixed and variable costs are much higher than originally budgeted or sold to them, exacerbated by significantly higher crew salaries, supply chain issues, etc. Finally, with rising supply, slowing pace, and far less demand, prices are falling.”

Legacy aircraft hold the greatest exposure due first, to the rapid rise in values that are already retreating quickly. The second reason is the “almost complete lack of sophistication” of buyers and limited or no due diligence completed at the time of purchase. “These owners will face significant exposure when they elect to sell, and the buyer demands a typical pre-purchase inspection.”

What might happen

But it gets worse (in terms of what might happen). “A large majority of these first-time buyers financed 90-100% of their purchase and also took 100% bonus depreciation,” Foster, from OGARAJETS tells us. “For easy math, let’s say the principal reduction on a $5,000,000 at 18 months is $500,000 or $4,500,000 balance – but the aircraft is only worth $3,500,000 today – less than 30% [of its previous value].

“Plus, the seller will have to stand behind the airworthiness and corrective actions arising from the buyer inspection. So, perhaps the seller nets $3,200,000, which requires them to write a check at closing for $1,300,000.”

Then, worse again. Many first-time buyers depreciated the aircraft to $0 in year one which offset other gains in the purchase year. “Now they must recapture this loss as ordinary income. The simple math is $3,5000,000 at 40% or a $1,400,000 tax bill.”

All of this raises the uncomfortable question: how many of these owners can afford to sell their perfect opportunity aircraft? Also, delaying the sale only exacerbates the challenge. Prices will continue to fall on these legacy platforms, while maintenance will continue to accrue. “Potentially, this is not a pretty picture,” says Foster.

But what do you think? Is the outlook sunnier? Or are the storm clouds gathering for new entrant aircraft sales? Please let us know.

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Marmor, a past president of the International Aircraft Dealers Association (IADA), has been involved in aircraft sales for almost 25 years.

“We are privileged to welcome Zipporah to the Opus team,” says Alexandre Lombard, CEO and owner, Opus Aero. “Her extensive experience and proven track record make her an invaluable asset as we embark on our next chapter of growth in North America.”

Marmor started her career at Bombardier in marketing before moving to aircraft sales. She then worked as vice president of sales for NewJet International – then Bombardier’s representative for Monaco, Italy, and Switzerland. She joined ACASS in 2012 rising to vice president of aircraft transactions.

“I am excited to work with Alexandre and the whole Opus team, to expand our footprint in North America,” said Marmor. “Developing our market in the USA and Canada, leveraging Opus’ outstanding reputation and experience, is a natural progression for me.”

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Not silver but sustainable business aviation dominated the two-day event at the resort amid the tall saguaro cacti. Prickly topics under discussion included the health of the US economy, particularly the impact of high interest rates, the disillusion of some first-time buyers and business aviation under attack.

But there was more gain than pain when it came to the upbeat assessment of the US economy from Gus Faucher, chief economist, PNC Financial Services Group. Without minimising the impact of high interest rates, which could (but not necessarily will) pitch the US economy into recession, Faucher highlighted positive factors likely to lead to steady growth this year and into 2025.

“The US economy is in very good shape right now,” he said. “The economy is 8% larger than it was before the pandemic. Some 22m jobs were lost due to the pandemic but those have been regained and another 8-9m jobs added to where we were before the pandemic.” Strong labour markets underpin consumer spending power, which was driving broad-based economic growth across the US, he added.

Returning rates to 2%

But there are reasons for pessimism. The “inverted yield curve” – meaning short-term interest rates were higher than long-term interest rates – was often associated with recessions. Faucher estimated the likelihood of a US recession at about 35%. However, he felt confident that the Federal Reserve would be successful in returning rates to its goal of 2% from their current level of just over 5%.

“There is likely to be slower growth this year but still growth,” he summarised. “Spending will continue to support growth in 2024, with the Fed cutting rates later this year for technical reasons [partly to cool wage growth] starting in July and in 2025. That will support growth this year and into 2025.”

Interest rates are affecting the decision to buy aircraft but not in the obvious way of affecting decision-making, said Shawn Dinning, senior partner, Dallas Jet International. “I don’t see a situation where a prospective buyer or borrower is looking at rates and saying, ‘I can’t afford this deal’. We are not seeing a delay in decisions to buy. About 70% of our business lately has been cash.”

But interest rates are affecting the core business of his clients – principals and corporations. “We do a lot of multi-family-type real estate companies and two years ago they were printing money, now they went from a nice positive cash flow position to bleeding hundreds of thousands if not millions of dollars because of interest rates,” said Dinning. In some cases, owners need the liquidity on the airplane. “They have to prioritise, so the airplane gets the axe,” he added.

On a more positive note, he said: “Demand continues to surprise me in a good way and it’s keeping up with this increase in inventory in a pretty good way.”

‘More transactions in Q1’

Wayne Starling, executive director of International Aircraft Dealers Association (IADA) agreed. “There were more transactions in the first quarter of this year than there were in the first quarter of last year,” he said, based on his association’s latest report.

But Johnny Foster, president and CEO, OGARAJETS reported growing frustration and disappointment among first-time buyers. Before the pandemic, almost every year consistently, first-time buyers accounted for about 5% of the purchases of aircraft. But that figure rose to 38% of buyers between 2020 and 2022, he said.

They came into the market, often buying legacy aircraft with the promise of bonus depreciation and excessive demand for charter. “Now we are hearing and seeing these first-time buyers are disenfranchised with the model because their aircraft is not flying 600 or 1,000 hours a year [through charter]. It’s flying 100 hours a year,” he said. “And their pilots’ salaries have tripled over the past three years, and they are now being told they have to have three pilots instead of two pilots.”

These frustrations were compounded by their first main maintenance event, which “has caught many by surprise”. The legacy aircraft that cost only $2m or $3m to buy could be facing inspection costs of half a million dollars, said Foster.

‘Full-scale attack’

From disappointment to hostility. Business aviation is under “full-scale attack” and not just in Europe, warned Ed Bolen, president and CEO, National Business Aviation Association. “There is an effort to find ways to disparage our industry which is not consistent with data and our strategy. We see it in a lot of ways,” he said. Examples include the February 21st announcement by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) that it intended to step up its aircraft owner audits.

Other examples cited were the five-fold increase in fuel tax over five years and the plan for longer depreciation periods. Combating these and other threats would rely on a coordinated industry response and lobbying policy-maker, he said. Not least via the NBAA’s Climbing.Fast campaign.

Speaking to CJI after his presentation, Bolen set out his goals for the end of the decade. “By 2030, we will be ready to answer the SAF Challenge of 3bn gallons produced in the US,” he said. “We would like to see operators continue to look for ways to operate even more sustainably.” That means looking at good quality offset programmes and book-and-claim options. “And we are working hard to introduce advanced air mobility and hybrid solutions and the effectiveness of our air traffic integration.”

Despite challenges facing business aviation – not least high interest rates, supply chain difficulties and the shortage of pilots, airframe and powerplant technicians – the industry can look forward to a bright future as wealth generation and transfer continue to fuel demand, according to speakers.

Stephen Friedrich, chief commercial officer, Embraer summed up the reasons for optimism: “Over the next 20 years, we are going to see a $73trn wealth transfer from Boomers to Generation X and Millennials – and that is only just beginning. This is in addition to [aircraft] purchases by corporate flight departments and private individuals.”

Back in the 19th century the silver boom soon turned to bust, with fire consuming the mining town of Quijotoa in 1889. Attendees at the NAFA conference heard strong reasons to believe in a much more sustainable (and profitable) future for business aviation.

Prickly saguero cacti surrounded the conference venue. Inside, delegates discussed thorny topics such as the impact of high interest rates.

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The manufacturer says it is planning to deliver between 125 and 135 jets in 2024. This would be up by 10 or 20 aircraft on 2023.

The company delivered one Phenom 100 and 10 Phenom 300s in the first quarter of 2024. In the same quarter of 2023 it delivered two Phenom 100s and four Phenom 300s.

READ: Embraer Executive Jet deliveries jump 13% in 2023 

In the first three months of 2024 it delivered three Praetor 500s and four Praetor 600s. The company only delivered two Praetor 600s in the same period of 2023.

This is the most aircraft it has delivered in the first quarter for eight years.

Embraer has traditionally delivered a large proportion of aircraft in the fourth quarter. In the first quarter of 2023 it shipped eight business jets, in the second 30 and the third 28 aircraft. In the last three months of the year it delivered 40% of the year’s total with 49 jets. The manufacturer says it is now working on a Production Levelling Plan to have a stable production pace throughout the year.

The manufacturer shipped 115 executive jets in 2023 – up 13 from 102. This consisted of 63 Phenom 300s, 11 Phenom 100s, 20 Praetor 500s and 21 Praetor 600s.

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The offering consisted of a three-tranche structure, catering to investors with varying risk appetites.

The $459.9m Class A tranche, with a A/A rating, signifying a low-default investment. The $73m Class B tranche, with a BBB+/BBB rating, offering a bit more risk for a potentially higher return.

Rounding out the structure is the $42m Class C tranche, which carries the BB/BB rating, translating to the highest risk/reward proposition for yield-hungry investors.

“We are very pleased with the results of our latest successful issuance,” said Vivek Kaushal, CEO, Global Jet Capital. “It underscores the robustness of the BJETS securitisation program and the strong performance of the company’s previous ABS transactions. We continue to broaden our investor base, demonstrating the increasing appeal of the business aviation sector and our company.”

This is Global Jet Capital’s seventh ABS offering, bringing total assets securitised to approximately $5.1bn and bonds issued to approximately $4.2bn. The transaction successfully attracted 38 investors, with seven being fresh faces to the BJETS programme.

Citigroup served as the lead structuring agent and bookrunner, supported by Deutsche Bank Securities, Morgan Stanley, BofA Securities, and KKR Capital Markets acting as joint structuring agents and bookrunners.

Citizens Capital Markets also joined the party as a co-manager. Notably, Global Jet Capital will retain servicing rights on the securitised assets.

Under the hood of BJETS 2024-1 lies the securitisation of cash flows generated from a diversified pool of business jet loans and leases.

This offering encompasses 31 such leases and loans extended to corporations and prominent figures across 18 distinct industries. The underlying assets themselves showcase a variety of 21 different aircraft models, with a focus on mid-cabin to large-cabin business jets.

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